Xapi Project

Tunnelling API design

Design document
Revision v1
Status released (5.6 FP1)
Review create new issue

To isolate network traffic between VMs (e.g. for security reasons) one can use VLANs. The number of possible VLANs on a network, however, is limited, and setting up a VLAN requires configuring the physical switches in the network. GRE tunnels provide a similar, though more flexible solution. This document proposes a design that integrates the use of tunnelling in the XenAPI. The design relies on the recent introduction of the Open vSwitch, and requires an Open vSwitch (OpenFlow) controller (further referred to as the controller) to set up and maintain the actual GRE tunnels.

We suggest following the way VLANs are modelled in the datamodel. Introducing a VLAN involves creating a Network object for the VLAN, that VIFs can connect to. The VLAN.create API call takes references to a PIF and Network to use and a VLAN tag, and creates a VLAN object and a PIF object. We propose something similar for tunnels; the resulting objects and relations for two hosts would look like this:

PIF (transport) -- Tunnel -- PIF (access) \          / VIF
                                            Network -- VIF
PIF (transport) -- Tunnel -- PIF (access) /          \ VIF

XenAPI changes

New tunnel class

Fields

  • string uuid (read-only)
  • PIF ref access_PIF (read-only)
  • PIF ref transport_PIF (read-only)
  • (string -> string) map status (read/write); owned by the controller, containing at least the key active, and key and error when appropriate (see below)
  • (string -> string) map other_config (read/write)

New fields in PIF class (automatically linked to the corresponding tunnel fields):

  • PIF ref set tunnel_access_PIF_of (read-only)
  • PIF ref set tunnel_transport_PIF_of (read-only)

Messages

  • tunnel ref create (PIF ref, network ref)
  • void destroy (tunnel ref)

Backends

For clients to determine which network backend is in use (to decide whether tunnelling functionality is enabled) a key network_backend is added to the Host.software_version map on each host. The value of this key can be:

  • bridge: the Linux bridging backend is in use;
  • openvswitch: the [Open vSwitch] backend is in use.

Notes

  • The user is responsible for creating tunnel and network objects, associating VIFs with the right networks, and configuring the physical PIFs, all using the XenAPI/CLI/XC.

  • The tunnel.status field is owned by the controller. It may be possible to define an RBAC role for the controller, such that only the controller is able to write to it.

  • The tunnel.create message does not take a tunnel identifier (GRE key). The controller is responsible for assigning the right keys transparently. When a tunnel has been set up, the controller will write its key to tunnel.status:key, and it will set tunnel.status:active to "true" in the same field.

  • In case a tunnel could not be set up, an error code (to be defined) will be written to tunnel.status:error, and tunnel.status:active will be "false".

Xapi

tunnel.create

  • Fails with OPENVSWITCH_NOT_ACTIVE if the Open vSwitch networking sub-system is not active (the host uses linux bridging).
  • Fails with IS_TUNNEL_ACCESS_PIF if the specified transport PIF is a tunnel access PIF.
  • Takes care of creating and connecting the new tunnel and PIF objects.
    • Sets a random MAC on the access PIF.
    • IP configuration of the tunnel access PIF is left blank. (The IP configuration on a PIF is normally used for the interface in dom0. In this case, there is no tunnel interface for dom0 to use. Such functionality may be added in future.)
    • The tunnel.status:active field is initialised to "false", indicating that no actual tunnelling infrastructure has been set up yet.
  • Calls PIF.plug on the new tunnel access PIF.

tunnel.destroy

  • Calls PIF.unplug on the tunnel access PIF. Destroys the tunnel and tunnel access PIF objects.

PIF.plug on a tunnel access PIF

  • Fails with TRANSPORT_PIF_NOT_CONFIGURED if the underlying transport PIF has PIF.ip_configuration_mode = None, as this interface needs to be configured for the tunnelling to work. Otherwise, the transport PIF will be plugged.
  • Xapi requests interface-reconfigure to “bring up” the tunnel access PIF, which causes it to create a local bridge.
  • No link will be made between the new bridge and the physical interface by interface-reconfigure. The controller is responsible for setting up these links. If the controller is not available, no links can be created, and the tunnel network degrades to an internal network (only intra-host connectivity).
  • PIF.currently_attached is set to true.

PIF.unplug on a tunnel access PIF

  • Xapi requests interface-reconfigure to “bring down” the tunnel PIF, which causes it to destroy the local bridge.
  • PIF.currently_attached is set to false.

PIF.unplug on a tunnel transport PIF

  • Calls PIF.unplug on the associated tunnel access PIF(s).

PIF.forget on a tunnel access of transport PIF

  • Fails with PIF_TUNNEL_STILL_EXISTS.

VLAN.create

  • Tunnels can only exist on top of physical/VLAN/Bond PIFs, and not the other way around. VLAN.create fails with IS_TUNNEL_ACCESS_PIF if given an underlying PIF that is a tunnel access PIF.

Pool join

  • As for VLANs, when a host joins a pool, it will inherit the tunnels that are present on the pool master.
  • Any tunnels (tunnel and access PIF objects) configured on the host are removed, which will leave their networks disconnected (the networks become internal networks). As a joining host is always a single host, there is no real use for having had tunnels on it, so this probably will never be an issue.

The controller

  • The controller tracks the tunnel class to determine which bridges/networks require GRE tunnelling.
    • On start-up, it calls tunnel.get_all to obtain the information about all tunnels.
    • Registers for events on the tunnel class to stay up-to-date.
  • A tunnel network is organised as a star topology. The controller is free to decide which host will be the central host (“switching host”).
  • If the current switching host goes down, a new one will be selected, and GRE tunnels will be reconstructed.
  • The controller creates GRE tunnels connecting each existing Open vSwitch bridge that is associated with the same tunnel network, after assigning the network a unique GRE key.
  • The controller destroys GRE tunnels if associated Open vSwitch bridges are destroyed. If the destroyed bridge was on the switching host, and other hosts are still using the same tunnel network, a new switching host will be selected, and GRE tunnels will be reconstructed.
  • The controller sets tunnel.status:active to "true" for all tunnel links that have been set up, and "false" if links are broken.
  • The controller writes an appropriate error code (to be defined) to tunnel.status:error in case something went wrong.
  • When an access PIF is plugged, and the controller succeeds to set up the tunnelling infrastructure, it writes the GRE key to tunnel.status:key on the associated tunnel object (at the same time tunnel.status:active will be set to "true").
  • When the tunnel infrastructure is not up and running, the controller may remove the key tunnel.status:key (optional; the key should anyway be disregarded if tunnel.status:active is "false").

CLI

New xe commands (analogous to xe vlan-):

  • tunnel-create
  • tunnel-destroy
  • tunnel-list
  • tunnel-param-get
  • tunnel-param-list